When installing smoke detectors in your home, you will want to choose the best type of detector for you and your family’s needs. Smoke detectors vary in both their sources of power and their method of smoke detection. Each type of smoke detector has its benefits and downsides, depending on what the homeowner is looking for.
There are two main types of smoke detectors that differ in their power sources:
Hardwired Smoke Detectors: A hardwired smoke detector draws its power from your home’s electrical grid during normal usage, and also has backup battery power in the event of a power outage. These batteries rarely run out, but require frequent tests to ensure that they don’t need to be replaced. Hardwired smoke detectors tend to be favored due to their ability to communicate with the other smoke detectors in the household. If one were to detect smoke in the basement, the other smoke detectors would also sound the alarm, providing your family with more time to get out of the house or put out the fire.
Battery-Powered Smoke Detectors: These smoke detectors are powered solely by batteries, which need to be tested and replaced regularly. Most battery-powered detectors aren’t connected to a network and will only sound an alarm when directly exposed to smoke or flames. Battery-powered smoke detectors have simpler installation than hardwired smoke detectors, and can be placed anywhere in a home without too much effort.
Smoke detectors can also differ based on how they detect smoke:
Ionization: These smoke detectors have a continuous current running between two electrodes, and when this current is interrupted by smoke, the alarm sounds. Ionization detectors respond more quickly to flaming fires, but they tend to sound off false alarms if they are placed too close to kitchen appliances or showers, where steam may trigger the alarm.
Photoelectric: This type of detector works by using a small LED light and a light sensor. When the air is clear of smoke, the LED light can shine straight ahead and the light sensor doesn’t detect it, but in a smoky room, the LED light will be scattered, and the sensor will sound the alarm. Photoelectric detectors respond more quickly to smoldering fires that produce a lot of smoke.
Neither type of smoke detection is better than the other, and our experts may recommend using a combination of ionization and photoelectric in your home for optimal smoke detection. Regardless of the type of smoke detector you have installed in your home, you need to test them on a regular basis to ensure that they are in good working condition.